In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.
Muhammad the Prophet (SAW) is considered by Muslims the world over the perfect universal model for humanity. The Qur’an, the hadiths (oral written traditions), and history is replete with examples of the Prophet’s (SAW) excellence of character and sublime morals. When he captured prisoners from the battlefield, he granted them freedom in return for teaching a certain amount of Muslims how to read. During and after war he showed mercy on his enemies even though he knew they wouldn’t have done the same. There is a tradition about a certain woman who opposed the Prophet and would put obstacles in his past every chance she got. One day she wasn’t out to put obstacles in his path; when he found out it was because she was sick he brought her a bowl of soup. The mercy and integrity he demonstrated was such that Aisha (R.A) called him “the Qur’an walking”, suggesting that he was the personification of all the enlightened principles of Allah’s Book. The Qur’an is described as light (noor) and so is our Prophet (saw). The Qur’an is called a reminder (dhikr) and so is our Prophet (saw). And so on and so on.
But what made the Prophet the perfect model? Did it have everything to do with his character? The answer is, ironically, in the criticisms of the disbelievers:
"And the chiefs of His people who disbelieved and called the meeting of the Hereafter a lie, and whom We had given plenty to enjoy in this world’s life, said: This is only a mortal like you, eating of that whereof you eat and drinking of what you drink."
23:33
"And nothing prevents people from believing, when the guidance comes to them, except that they say: Has Allah raised up a mortal to be a messenger? Had there been in the earth angels walking about secure, We would have sent down to them from the heaven an angel as messenger."
17:94-95
He was human like you and me. He ate bread. He married. He grieved. He answered the call of nature. He got angry. He experienced the range of human emotions and life challenges. As Muslims we should remind ourselves of this as frequently as we remind ourselves of his sublime characteristics. Why? Because shirk waits for us behind our forgetfulness. The humanity of Rasulallah (saw) teaches us that it is possible to attain a state of being that gives us favor with Allah (swt). Allah (swt) sent down the Book of guidance and a man to demonstrate the application of it not just so that we could marvel over the man. The demonstration is both to help us to know how to do it and to instill confidence that it can it be done. You don’t honor the Prophet (saw) by only sending him greetings and blessings and bragging on him. You honor him by striving to attain the level of spiritual maturity he attained.
But wait a minute. How can one attain the level of spiritual maturity of someone who was perfect? What made the prophet “perfect” was not simply human merit. His perfection of character was due to Allah’s presence with him. This is the reason that he (saw) says, in a hadith, that our deeds won’t save us. When they asked him if he was excepted from this he said, “No, even I will not be saved unless and until Allah bestows His mercy on me.” Nothing and no one is perfect save Allah (swt). In surah 6, Prophet Ibrahim (as) is observing the star, the moon, and the sun asking the rhetorical question, “Is this my Lord?” When each of them set he said to his people, “Surely I turn myself being wholly upright to Him who originated the heavens and the earth.” Ibrahim (as) was only satisfied with worshipping perfection. Because the sun, moon, and stars set he knew their presence was finite and thus unworthy of worship.
When the Prophet Muhammad (saw) was sick and on the verge of dying one of the companions was so overwhelmed with grief he threatened to kill any man who came to bring news of the Prophet’s (saw) death. When Abu Bakr came to give the news he said to the companion and the rest of the community:
"O people, if any one among you worshipped Muhammad, know that Muhammad is dead. But those who worship God, let them know that He lives and will never die."
Our Prophet (saw) as noble, trustworthy, and honorable as he was, could not escape death. His death is a reminder of his humanity. His humanity is a reminder that he is not perfect. Like the sun, moon, and stars —he had his time to “set”. To exalt to a superhuman deity-like status is not only shirk, it puts him too far out of reach to be a perfect example. That he was human is fundamentally why he was the perfect universal model.
Part of what happens when the Prophet (saw) or any prophet is exalted above being human is that everything about him acquires a superstitious, transcendental quality—his cultural dress, the way he sat when he ate, the color of his beard etc. Once I was sitting with a friend talking about the complexities of life being black, especially black and Muslim. To give a little context, I am Muslim and I am also a black man living in a city that a pastor I work with described as having “open arms but a closed heart”. This city’s racially homogenized communities are reminiscent of Franz Fanon’s polemic on the compartmentalization of colonized countries.
My friend, having listened only superficially, replied, “Our problems are small when you think of them in comparison to the Prophet’s. I mean, none of us have had a goat’s entrails thrown on our back as we prayed, have we?” On one level, this is a beautiful reminder of the Prophet’s (saw) steadfastness under trial. It’s a beautiful illustration of our potential to overcome oppression without being unjust and showing mercy to those who act unjustly toward us. Its important for us to study and become attuned to the thinking and behavior of our Prophet in all circumstances in life. It’s true, I’ve never experienced the hardships of Allah’s (swt) Apostle and can never know what it was like to be an Arab in 7th century Arabia.
But let's be real, the Prophet (saw) couldn’t know what its like to be black in America either. Welfare mothers and fathers addicted to crack. Children hating the color of their skin & whole families falling through the cracks. That he was a universal example doesn’t mean that his experiences were universal. He was a man born for a message to uplift all of humanity,yes, but he was also a man born in a specific cultural context in a specific era. His experiences, though they may be similar, are not the same as mine. This reality neither detracts from his experience nor from mine. It doesn’t mean that his teaching and example is not guidance for me and my community because it is. So what’s the point I’m making here? Islam fits the needs of people in whatever condition they’re in not because the Prophet Muhammad knew all but because Allah knows all. One mustn’t impose a certain cultural understanding and practice of the religion and disregard the fact that we are different. The Prophet (saw) was an Arab. I don’t have to become an Arab to be Muslim. He was the perfect universal model not because he was an Arab but because Allah gave him a heart that loved all of humanity.
Surely Allah knows best and may He grant us all the light of wisdom and understanding, pardon us of our sins, and reward us for the best of what we’ve done. Amin.